Complete Bibliography

Gail Dines. "Second Edition. Gender, Race, and Class In Media. A Text Reader" (United States of America; Sage Publications, 2003)

Key Quotes:

• "Rap music is by no means the only form of expression, especially heavy metal, have recently been the target of increased sanctions and assaults by politically and economically powerful organisation, such as the Parent's Music Resource Center, The American Family Association, and Focus on the Family." (page 399)
• "Rap artists articulate a range of reactions to the scope of institutional policing faced by many young African Americans. However, the lyrics that address the police directly-what Ice Cube has called "revenge fantasies"-have caused the most extreme and unconstitutional reaction from law enforcement officials in metropolitan concert arena venues. (page 398)

Dan Laughey. "Media Studies: Theories & Approaches" (Great Britain; Sparkford, Somerset: Kamera Books, 2009)

Key Quotes:

• "Major Moral Panics in recent times have centred on fears about paedophilia, AIDS, knife and gun crime."
• "Children and young people are seen as both the perpetrators and victims of anti-social behaviour - they become the excuse for politicians and policy makers to impose stricter laws and tighter regulations on new forms of media and popular culture."
• "Subcultures are themselves apart from the rest of society - subcultures actually choose to rebel against norms and conventions"
• "George Gerbner identified a 'Mean World Syndrome' that afflicted heavy TV viewers. Put simply, the more TV you watch, the more likely you are to view the outside world as a hostile, crime-ridden, ghettoised world where danger and vice lurk in every corner."
• "In terms of this latter, Gerbner found that crime on TV was ten times worse than crime in the real world."
• "So, it would seem that TV addicts make a direct connection between what they see on the small screen and what they think is happening in reality. TV's cultivating power means that it guides certain individuals into ways of dealing with the world beyond the box."
• "TV realism, is far removed from actual reality. Witnessing a drive-by shooting in the flesh would probably make us physically sick or scar us for life, whereas witnessing it every night on TV, we hardly bat an eyelid."

Graeme Burton. "More Than Meets The Eye" (Great Britain; Euston Road: Arnold, a member of the Hoddler Headline Group, 2002)

Key Quotes:

• "Audiences are an integral part of the whole process of communication through out the media. In many ways they are the raison d'etre for the media industries, because no audiences means no profit means no reason for running the organisation. It is the audience that makes sense of the communication and this becomes of all the more important because of the size of the audience, given the potential for influence, and the part the media play in the socialisation of that audience."
• "Repetition of messages tend to enhance their effects. People tend to believe something if its said that often enough (provided it isn't too outrageous)."
• "In terms of output, the media are almost entirely self-regulating. There is the Video Standards Council, for video distributors."

Alan Mckee "Textual Analysis" (Padshow, Cornwall: SAGE Publications Ltd, 2003)

Key Quotes:

• "Everyone loves children, children need to be protected from the dangers of the world, including representation's of violence and sex."